The 43-year-old, from Washington, Tyne and Wear, was held overnight on suspicion of racial harassment and has been bailed until November 28. Northumbria Police say the post has now been removed.
It is the second time this year that Ameobi, 31, has suffered alleged racist abuse on the social networking site after police were contacted in February.
His younger brother, Sammy, who also plays for Newcastle, was the victim of racism last year when he received abuse on Twitter from two teenagers who eventually received warnings from the police.
A student was jailed for 56 days earlier this year after posting racially offensive comments about Fabrice Muamba on Twitter.