The 26-year-old was stopped on Tuesday near the club's training ground on suspicion of fraud in relation to driving offences.
Following this, Tiote's car - a Chevrolet Camaro estimated to be worth around £75,000 - was seized.
A Northumbria Police spokesman said: "At about 1.30pm on February 12, a car was stopped on Benton Park Road, Newcastle, and a 26-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of fraud in relation to driving offences."
The Ivory Coast international, who recently returned from the Africa Cup of Nations, signed from Dutch side FC Twente in 2010.
Police said inquiries are ongoing.